Volunteerism and Community Service in America Today Essay -- Contributi

Volunteers are not paid not because they are worthless, but because they are priceless. - Sherry Anderson (Volunteering Quotes Finest Quotes). Part I Volunteerism and Community Service in the join StatesResearch shows that when Americans are properly asked to mete out, they serve, says the Corporation for National and Community Service, on their website dedicated to U.S. volunteerism(Volunteering and Civic Life in America 2014). The question, then, is what does properly asked to serve consist of.If the government issues a call to all able United States citizens to donate a mere three to five hours a week to a teen-mentoring, child-tutoring, or other volunteer program for the benefit of the country and the good of society, will it happen? Will people, hearing this summons, eagerly and/or obediently cut up at their favorite charity organization for a shift? Will they, with no monetary compensations, social benefits, or employment benefits give of their important and potentially do llar-earning time out of the goodness of their hearts and concern for the future well-being of society? Perhaps this isnt what properly asked to serve consists of for North Americans.When people do respond to their summons, researchers say, things happen. The mentoring system is supposedly one of the most beneficial of volunteer activities, in terms of reaching at risk kids. The Philadelphia Summit on volunteerism that took property in April of 1997 targeted five basic needs of at-risk kids a relationship with a caring adult, supervised and safe sites for play, marketable skills, a healthy start, and a spirit of service. These five criteria, if met, are expected to lower teen pregnancy rates, high school drop-out rates, and the ... ...more fortunate situations share, contribute, and cooperate in the change and development process. Works CitedAaker, Jerry. Partners With the Poor. vernal York Friendship Press, 1993.Volunteering and Civic Life in America 2014 Corporation for Natio nal and Community Service. Web. 05 May 2015.http//www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/Chambers, Robert. Rural Development Putting the Last First. New York sewer Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993. Clasen, Susan. Vultures & Butterflies Living the Contradictions. Scottdale Herald Press, 1992.Coles, Robert. Call of Service A Witness to Idealism. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1993.Volunteering Quotes Finest Quotes. Source for Famous Quotes, Inspirational Quotes & Sayings Finest Quotes. Web. 05 May 2015.What Is Volunteering. Web. 05 May 2015.http//www.volunteerbristol.org.uk/volunteers

Edna Pontellier’s Solution in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Ednas Solution in The Awakening         This is a belief at The Awakening by Kate Chopin.   When you first lookat the life of Edna you think there is not much to discuss.  Edna is a marriedwoman who at first seems vaguely satisfied with her life--she grew fond of herhusband, realizing with roughly unaccountable satisfaction that no trace of passionor excessive and fictitious warmth colored her affection, thereby threateningits dissolution. (Chopin, 558).         Edna doesnt know what she wants from life.  It is evident from the airshe tries to change her life to seduce it better, that she wants her own happiness. She refuses to stay home on Tuesdays, which she is expected to do to satisfythe social conventions of the time.  She spends more time on her art.  She goesto races and parties in all the time.  All of this doesnt seem to help hermaintain happiness all the time.   &nb sp     There were days when she was very happy without knowing why.  She washappy to be alive and breathing, when her alone being seemed to be one with thesunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southernday. There were days when she was unhappy, she did not know why, when it didnot seem expenditure while to be glad or sorry, to be dead or alive when lifeappeared to her worry a grotesque         Pandemonium and humanity like worms struggling blindly toward inevitableannihilation. (Chopin, 588)         Edna struggled to make her life more fulfilling.  Edna wanted what?Passion, excitement?  She states to the Doctor, But I dont want anything butmy own way.  That is wanting a good deal, of course, when you have to trampleupon  the lives, the hearts, the prejudices of others--but no matter--still, Ishouldnt want to trample upon the little lives. (Chopin, 629) .         In the title of The Awakening I get the impression of person wakingup and deciding that their life is not what they want.  Edna goes from beingreasonably happy in her life to very unhappy with her life and tries to changeit to make it better. The ways she goes about it are not necessarily the rightways, but at least she tries to change it to make it better.         The acceptable behaviors of the time in which she lived worked againsther.  Edna waistcloth married because divorce was unheard of in those days.  Shewants to marry Robert, but he will not because it will disgrace her to leave herhusband.  She exceeds the social boundaries of the day by going her own way and

Effect of fluoride ions on corrosion behavior of nickel Essay

1. IntroductionTitanium alloys are very reactive materials and reacts instaneusely with oxygen, forming an oxide film, which give them excellent anti corrosive properties . Thus, te alloys fuddle proven to be the most tissue compatible inorganic materials, especially for dentistry .Nickel-titanium wires, which have a near equiatomic composition, were introduced to orthodontic clinical use by Andersen and colleagues in the early 1970s . They have been highly popular in dentistry be subject have a much lower elastic modulus and wider elastic break away than other orthodontic wires such as those composed of beta-titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium-nickel . NiTi alloys have excellent biocompatibility with living tissue and corrosion resistance in various mistaken body fluids . These properties originating from the spontaneously formed thin oxide passivation layer mainly consist of TiO2 .For patients with orthodontic fixed appliance, mouth rinsing with fluoride-containing pr oducts is an effective method for the prevention of pit because such appliances have complicated morphologies . However, reduced corrosion resistance of pure titanium and titanium alloys in fluoride containing environments that attack the protective surface oxide layer and cause allergic reactions to NiTi wires after insertion had been reported . The corrosion resistance of pure titanium and titanium alloys largely depends on the fluoride concentrations . Some studies concerning the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys in fluoride containing environments have been reported . It is claimed that the fluoride containing solution with fluoride ions more than 20 ppm may destroy the protective oxide la... ...tive layer increases.5. ConclusionsThe corrosion resistance of NiTi was studied in marks solution for different chloride ion concentrations. Our results show that the increasing of the chloride ion concentration can accelerate the corrosion of NiTi alloy. The OCP values in KCl and NaCl contained solutions are less negative at lower concentrations than in higher(prenominal) ones and the resistance to corrosion decreases as the chloride concentration increases. According to the EIS analysis, NiTi presents a good corrosion resistance even at higher concentration of chloride ions but the polarization resistance and capacitance value of protective oxide layer decreases as the concentration of ions increases. Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the Shiraz University, school of materials science and engineering for the monetary supports. (Grant No. 89-GR-Eng-58)

Comparison of British Parliamentary Democracy and American Presidential

Comparison of British Parliamentary Democracy and American Presidential Democracy In declaring independence from Britain, the American Colonies desire to create a state that found its roots in Ancient Greece and Great Britain while improving on the flaws of each. The result was a presidential democracy that stood in contrast to the parliamentary democracy of Great Britain. Thus these, the two oldest, continuous democracies in existence present an interesting comparison. At the heart of every government is the constitution, and here we discover the source major difference between the American and British democratic systems. The Constitution has never been compose in superstar conclusive and final document, but depends largely on practices accumulated over the years. Its most important features are no part of its formal and legal bodily structure and have little other sanction beyond use and precedent. (Amery 1) This easily adaptable format differs sha rply from the American Constitution, a formal organization written at the start of the Union and which created formal means by which the Constitution could be changed. Because the British Constitution is reliant upon tradition, the means whereby power is distributed has changed significantly since the first democratic customs. Initially power was vested in the monarchy, which relied upon input from the House of Lords to run the nation. As time progressed the power came to fall under the command of the House of Commons, and with no system of check and balances it came to reside in the ruling party. This system is the modern embodiment of a fusion of governmental powers which has generally characterized British government. (Moodie 15) In c... ...cmillan Press. 1993. 92-122 Denham, Andre and make Garnett. British think-tanks and the climate of opinion. London UCL Press. 1998 Holliday, Ian. Organised Interests After Thatcher. Developments in British Politics. Ed. by Patrick Dunleavy, Andrew Gamble, Ian Holliday, and Gillian Peele. Houndmills The Macmillan Press. 1993. 307-320 . Krieger, Joel. British Politics in the Global Age Can kindly Democracy Survive?. Oxford Oxford University Press. 1999. Marsh, David. The Media and Politics. Developments in British Politics. Ed. by Patrick Dunleavy, Andrew Gamble, Ian Holliday, and Gillian Peele. Houndmills The Macmillan Press. 1993. 332-349 Moodie, Graeme C. The Government of Great Britain. New York Thomas U. Crowell Company. 1964. Pilkington, Colin. Issues in British Politics. New York St. Martins Press. 1998

Legality of Suicide and Assisted Suicide :: essays research papers

Suicide has become a big part of American society, year after year more people argon taking their own lives for many different reasons. A push-down store of philosophers have broken down all the reasons of self-annihilations into two different categories, rational suicide and nonsensical suicide. A rational suicide has been given five basic criteria that usually must(prenominal) be met for the persons act to be considered rational. The five criteria which a person must show for their suicide to be considered rational are, the ability to reason, realistic world view, adequacy of information, avoidance of harm, and accordance with fundamental interests.(Battin 132) Another opinion of rationality of suicide is, it is the best matter for him from the point of view of his own welfare-or whether it is the best thing for someone being advised, from the point of view of that persons welfare(Brandt 118). People have to specify suicides because a lot of times they dont unders tand what that person is going through so by grouping them and placing criteria on them it allows them to accept it in an easier manner. A lot of suicides are grouped in the rational category because they are charge upted so the person can be saved from the pain they may be experiencing from a terminal disease. This seems to be just about the only if true rational and morally correct reason why a person should commit suicide. Yet a lot of times these patients are heavily sedated, so that it is impossible for the mental processes of decision leading to action to occur.(Brandt 123) In other language these patients have a rational reason to commit suicide, yet their mind is not capable of making that decision. So if terminally ill patients are the only ones who have a good rational reason to commit suicide, then where does that leave everyone else? Well just about everyone else commits suicide because of a little thing that enters everyones life at some time and that thing i s called depression. Depression can come from several different things, such as a loss of something bid a job, a loved one, a limb such as an arm or leg, or anything else that might be held dear to that person. Other things could be rejection at home or in the work place, abuse, and sometimes even the thought of getting old and not wanting to know what tomorrow holds in store.

Legality of Suicide and Assisted Suicide :: essays research papers

Suicide has become a big part of Ameri flowerpot society, stratum after year more people are taking their own lives for many variant reasons. A lot of philosophers have broken down any the reasons of suicides into two different categories, rational suicide and irrational suicide. A rational suicide has been given five basic criteria that usually must be met for the persons profess to be considered rational. The five criteria which a person must show for their suicide to be considered rational are, the ability to reason, realistic world view, adequacy of information, avoidance of harm, and accord with fundamental interests.(Battin 132) Another opinion of rationality of suicide is, it is the best thing for him from the delegate of view of his own welfare-or whether it is the best thing for someone being advised, from the point of view of that persons welfare(Brandt 118). People have to characterize suicides because a lot of times they dont understand what that person is going through so by radical them and placing criteria on them it allows them to accept it in an easier manner. A lot of suicides are grouped in the rational category because they are committed so the person can be saved from the pain they may be experiencing from a terminal disease. This seems to be in effect(p) about the only true rational and morally define reason why a person should commit suicide. Yet a lot of times these patients are heavily sedated, so that it is impossible for the mental processes of termination leading to action to occur.(Brandt 123) In other words these patients have a rational reason to commit suicide, yet their mind is not capable of making that decision. So if terminally ill patients are the only ones who have a good rational reason to commit suicide, then where does that leave everyone else? Well just about everyone else commits suicide because of a little thing that enters everyones life at some time and that thing is called depression. Depression can come from several different things, such as a loss of something like a job, a loved one, a limb such as an arm or leg, or anything else that might be held dear to that person. Other things could be rejection at home or in the work place, abuse, and sometimes even the thought of getting centenarian and not wanting to know what tomorrow holds in store.

Exercising Strategy: Never Having to Say ‘You Never Know Essay

A highly educated executive was hired on the moment without background checks. Later it was discovered he had served time in prison for attempted murder. Statistics from a company specializing in background checks shows that in 2000, 39% of the 70 background checks they performed would preclude employment offers. But due to labor shortages companies hire without backgrounds checks. Another company hastily hired a CEO without backgrounds and once his received identity was discovered he was fired. However, the venture-capital deal fell through and when the technology sector took a nose dive they laid off one trey of its force.1.People applying for jobs are always motivated to display themselves in the best light and as a result this so-and-so sometimes lead to in high-fidelity portrayals of abilities, skills, experiences, and personality. base upon what you have read in this chapter how should you approach a job appli faecal matterts pen application and resume if your goal is to ease up sure that they accurately reflect the persons ago experiences and accomplishments?The approach to verify accuracy in the resume and the application begins with the standard selection process. Performing a prescreening surround interview, human resources would fact find and clearing up any questions on the resume. With candidates consent a background and reference check can be attained. The type of position would determine the testing that is used as well as the effectiveness of the selection standard reliability, validity, generalizability, utility, and goodity. There are several(prenominal)(prenominal) tests used for for each one position physical ability, cognitive ability, personality inventories, drug testing, and work samples. These criterions are scored and each candidates situational interview would involve several trained interviewers.This standardized selection process allows for a better chance to bring in the best people and in return help make the company ha vea competitive advantage (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2010). Another approach is the internal and external recruiting where there is knowledge of the candidates history. An internal recruitment offers the hiring manager access to the employees file. Then theres classmate Denise DeRosas discussion post on the Superintendent that hired two additional external applicants who he had known. We can infer that he knew the history of both candidates past experiences and accomplishments (DeRosa, 2014).2.And the face-to-face interview process what steps can be taken to assure that the applicant is being frank and honest with you and what steps should you take if you feel that he or she is portraying in an accurate externalise of himself or herself?We start with the social organizationd interview using multiple trained interviewers from operations that use a standard system to take notes. We furnish the work-sample and the structured interview for a more accurate picture. There a re two broad standardized categories of the structured interviews evaluation and content (Campion, Palmer, & Campion, 1997). The rating from each interviewer should be a part of a shared goal which provide be based on observable behaviors or knowledge. The situational interview style will offer insight on experience-based and future-oriented, which looks at reactions in different circumstances. These situational interview questions deal with motivating employees, resolving conflict, and overcoming resistance to change (Latham, Saari, Purcell, & Campion, 1980 pp. 422-427).The authors say, Situational interviews can be in particular effective when assessing sensitivity issues dealing with the honesty and integrity of candidates (Noe et al., 2010 p. 249). However, some authors suggest behavioral interviews, which are based on a persons past performance on the job is the best predictor of future performance, are more effective than in situational interviews (Levashina & Campion, 2007) . When job candidates portray an in accurate picture of themselves employers can perform searches on the internet and see if the candidates web presence matches the messaging of the candidate. The authors suggest the content the persons digital identity may be at odds with the image or corporate culture that isbeing promoted by the organization (Noe et al., 2010 p. 250). Second, employers can ask for a large reference list of people and call those people on the phone whereas they might speak with candor. Much has been written on reading bole language during interviews to identify candidates not telling the truth. There are some employers that request a drug testing. Another method is requesting elaboration on responses or details on projects or goals which puts the candidate on the spot.3. Beyond the traditional approaches of going over the application conducting face-to-face interviews what other steps can you as an employer take to ensure that the person who is being hired for th e job has the right abilities skills past experiences and personality?There are other steps beyond the traditional approaches which can validate the person who is being hired for the job has the right stuff to be effective in the position they are hired in. Depending on the industry or type of the position the steps will vary. The puzzle interview, which has been used mostly by technology companies, typically provides the candidate with a written problem that needs to be solved. The puzzle interview question provides the employer insight on how the candidate will solves problems in unusual situations (Honer, Wright, & Sablynski, 2007). The use of social media give care LinkedIn and Facebook has been used by employers to verify information on job applicants.There are employers determining employee value using web based software, which is a useful tool for data mining and combing through massive amounts of information (Noe et al., 2010, p. 242). But there could be information on the web page that should not be used nor consider when selecting candidates to hire such as pregnancy, race, or weight (Grasz, 2009). Human resources must be cautious of this potential bias and the legal implications. There will be varying methods and steps utilized by hiring managers when selecting job candidates to ensure the person hired has the skills and experiences to do the job.ReferencesCampion, M. A., Palmer, D. A., Campion, J. E. (1997). A review of structure in the selection interview. Personnel Psychology, 50, 655702 DeRosa, D.(2014) Discussion Forum 3 Denise DeRosa, TESC, April 15, 2014 Grasz, J. (2009). Forty-five percent of employers use social networking sites to research job candidates, CareerBuilder survey finds Career undecomposed provides dos and donts for job seekers on social networking.Honer, J., Wright, C. W., & Sablynski, C. J. (2007). Puzzle interviews What are they and what do the measure? Applied H.R.M. Research, 11, 7996Latham, G. P., Saari, L. M., Pursell , E. D., & Campion, M. A. (1980). The situational interview. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 422427 Levashina, J. & Campion, M.A. (2007). standard faking in the employment interview Development and validation of an Interview Faking Behavior Scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 16381656.

John Locke and Immanuel Kant Essay

We are here c formerlyrned with the relationship between the human disposition, somatic-sensory perceptions, objects of perception, and titles of noesis arising from their interaction, through the philosophies of plainlyt Locke and Immanuel Kant. Confounding the ability to find solid epistemological ground, philosophers withdraw, gener anyy speaking, debated whether what we cheat is prima facie determined by the objective, as-they-are, characteristics of the external world 1(epistemological naturalism) or if the mind determines, as-it-is, the temper of objects through its own experiential deductions (epistemological high-mindedness).The purpose of this paper is to role the synthetical approach of Immanuel Kant, who utilizes a logical schematization of cognition along with go out (transcendental idealism), in the attaining of intimacy, to criticize Lockes claims against innate ideas, and subsequently, origin and acquisition of knowledge. In the first sort of this paper, I will explain the major differences which distinguish epistemological realism and idealism.This disambiguation of philosophical jargon is to allow the reader to understand why the debate exists, how it impacts what humans claims as knowledge, and whether or non the debate has some(prenominal) contemporary philosophical importance. This last feature is a relevant aspect of the debate since knowledge applies to a great many areas of human life, including, solely not limited to, the sciences, morality and ethics, and aesthetics.In the second part of this paper, I will outline Kants idealism, otherwise known as, transcendental idealism. This section will gear up out the terminology in Kants epistemology which will act as a backdrop for comparing and contrasting the theory of Locke. This section will as well describe the foundation of Kants epistemological claims. As menti atomic number 53d in the introduction, the mind, the somatic-sensory perceptions, and objects of perception are to be drawed for in the debate between idealism and realism.Thus, the second part of the paper will conclude with an understanding of how knowledge arises under the rubric of Kants transcendental idealism. The third part of this paper is then dedicated to providing an account of Lockean innate knowledge and its place in our epistemological enquiry. It is presumed that several(prenominal) deficiencies, to be discussed, are apparent in Lockes epistemological realism without the use of innate ideas. These deficiencies, however, are percolated only in light of the Kantian juxtaposition for which this section serves the purpose.In the final part of this paper, I will conclude that while Lockes epistemological theories h ave had a great influence on the progress of epistemology, especially as a critique against rationalism, the idea of no innate ideas move upon the mind prior to go out ultimately leads Lockean realism to base claims that all knowledge arises solely from experience as inexhaustively question-begging without Kants transcendentalism. Dealing with the riddles of realism and idealism chiffonier be seen in humans as young as deuce-ace years old. Although it may not be so apparent to parents at the snip, when a child asks, How do you know that?, they are challenging the method in which a person uses to know what they know. However, children, like philosophers, might not be satisfied with the first answer and continue with a meta-inquiry How do you know that? While this interrogative approach to understanding the world can be frustrative it does illuminate a feature problem in reasoning, generally. That is, at some point we are forced to answer, vacuously, I know, be understanding I know. However, the persistent child philosopher can rebut with, How do you know that you know? The problems intrinsic to the line of questioning above demonstrate a broad epistemological problem. To solve the problem philosophers confirm sought out ways in order to m ake what we know or explaining how we know a bit more than reliable or certain. That is, to will an answer to our inquisitive three year old that breaks the meta-inquiry of knowable certitude. Knowledge, however, is a little tricky because there is an identity problem between the world and the ideas, or thoughts, in our minds. In making claims of knowledge we essential presume certain things are true.To say that you know something assumes that you (1) believe the world represented in your mind is exactly as it is whether you perceive it or not and what we have to say virtually the world must correspond to the way the world is perceived, (2) the world gives us information about objects, which can be immaculate, but our minds are the final decision makers about the nature of those objects which can lead to skepticism, or (3) there is zero stable about the appearances of the world as presented to our minds, and what we know is solely the product of collective reflection, otherwi se known asreasoning. In the context of my thesis, it could be argued that if a set of instructions were provided, such as innate ideas in the mind, these three broad, epistemological viewpoints would be narrowed down to one. The first assumption, (1), is the philosophical position known, broadly, as epistemological realism. The second assumption, (2), is more of a dualism in that it is believed there is enough perceived objectivity in the world to have some certain knowledge of it, but it is still motifed to our experiential bias (intuition plays a more integral role in this doctrine).This is a kind of realism in that certain properties about the objects we perceive are unalterable or indisputable since they would retain those characteristics whether or not they are observed. The third position is epistemological idealism. This position holds, generally, that knowledge is not a product of the nature of objects, but instead, derived from the nature of the mind. In other words, the sure thing of knowledge is granted through the nature of the mind found at heart the species deliberating over certain claims.As mentioned, the debate between idealism and realism does have, beyond satisfying the curiosity of toddlers, implications in other areas of philosophy. It is not the focus of this paper, but an example that illustrates potential problems is that of ethics and morality. In epistemological realism, it may be the brass that certain acts produce pain in humans, but there is nothing, it is alleged, which a person can point to in the world that would verify this (kind of) pain as bad, good, rightly, wrongly imposed.In other words, epistemological realism holds that we can know facts about the way the world is because our mind is receptive and capable of reproducing them accurately in our minds, but it is another thing to try to extrapolate from these facts/experiences a particular value/meaning to attach to prescriptive claims. In the extreme case, an epistemol ogical realist might claim that all rules of morality are completely made up and merely appeal to our feelings about facts, but we cannot know for certain.As for idealism, morality appears as a less problematic discourse since the very proprietor of knowledge is that which is arbitrating over moral disputes. However, the kind of facts and/or values which moral claims arise, for idealists, are of a strictly theoretical nature and can be said to bind as much empirical or logical induction as those doubted in the case of realism. At best they are egocentric and/or egotistic. however in contemporary debates, which diverge subtly from the philosophies this paper examines, the entailment of moral truths from realist or idealist doctrines remains unsolved.In some cases, such as bolshy philosophy, there can be a real confusion about which doctrine actually prevails. The Communist rule of Stalin and Mao is arguably a perversion of epistemological realism for what was actually and indisc ernibly expressed as an idealist project. It was in the Critique of Pure Reason that the philosopher Immanuel Kant attempted to settle the problem of epistemological certainty and skepticism.Recalling the relationship between the mind, objects of the world, our perceptive apparatuses, and knowledge, Kant opens up the Critique of Pure Reason with two allusive statements1 (1) no knowledge our ours is antecedent to experience, but begins with it. (2) though all of our knowledge begins with experience, it by no doer follows that all arises out of experience. Situating these two phrases inside the context of realism and idealism requires parsing out the some key phrases within these statements.The first key phrase or term is begins. Kant tells us that knowledge begins with experience. That is, in order to say I know, one must first have an object which makes some kind of sensory impression on the mind. 2For how is it feasible, Kant asks, that the faculty of cognition should be awak ened into exercise otherwise by means of objects which reach our sensesso to convert the raw material of our sensuous impressions into a knowledge of objects? It is, therefore, objects in the world that first supply us with the raw material for tooth root the process of attaining knowledge the term process is important here, because the two statements above allude to two different kinds of knowledge. It is not the case, claims Kant, all knowledge is a put derivative of compounding impressions of raw data. For Kant, and this point lays the foundation of idealism, the mind plays a much more integral role in determining how those impressions are put in pre-conscious faculties.This difference plays an important role in the realism/idealism debate since the relationship between the minds functioning and knowledge claims depends upon disassociating two different kinds of demonstrations (1) a method of proving what is known, (2) the acquisition of knowledge. More specifically, the deba te between realism and idealism must in some ways reconcile itself with knowledge claims that are a priori and/or a posteriori.The former refers to rationalized knowledge which is universal, necessary and independent of experience (though this last condition, as we will see, is not so clear in Kants idealism). The latter is empirical knowledge which is acquired directly through our sensory perception and is validated by the relationship between what is stated and the way the world appears to be. For example, the claim that snow is cold is a posteriori since the concept of cold is not directly related to snow independent of human experience.What is a priori knowledge is the fundamental subject of Kants transcendental idealism. According to Kant, a priori knowledge is not just about a method of proof, but also about how we attain a priori knowledge. As mentioned above, Kant is concerned with not only the knowledge that comes from experience, but also knowledge that arises from experie nce. That is, Kant seeks to settle how a priori knowledge, knowledge that lends epistemological certitude regarding to certain claims, is deliver the goods and verified without relying on facts about an external world.It is here that we see explicitly how a priori knowledge and epistemological idealism are integral and linked to the realism/idealism discussion a priori knowledge is attained through a logical rationalization of concepts about objects that does not require a direct experience of them. In other words, a priori knowledge is knowledge which, according to Kant, begins with experience, but does not necessarily arise from that experience. To unpack this influx of these epistemological connections, it will be instructive to begin with what Kant calls the Transcendental Aesthetic.There is, states Kant, an arrangement to the mind which makes experience possible. This arrangement, or what Kant calls schematism not only makes experience possible, but it also limits the scope of possible experiences. To refocus, Kants position is that topographic point and time are the two most fundamental conditions for having an experience. All objects which are presented to the mind are done so, necessarily, in time and in space. It is important to recall that objects of perception/experience make impressions on the mind which is done through any or all of the five senses.This means that space and time, in order to be objects of the external world, must possess the property of being sensible. besides if space is the condition for which objects are experienced, then space can only exist because space exists (this kind of paradox is addressed in the Antinomies). The uniform applies to time. Kant, therefore, purports that space and time are mere formal conditionings of objects via the minds process providing, at the same time, the possibility of experience and experiential limitations. The upshot for Kant is that he loses nothing with this claim.The reality of space an d time, as external objects, would lend no more validity to knowledge claims since the properties of space and time are necessary conditions for experience. Thus, making knowledge claims do not substitute whether space and time are properties of realist or idealist doctrines. In addition, Kant avoids the paradoxes which arise from claiming space and as objects of external reality by placing them as antecedent conditions for experience, as is needed, in the mind. This leads us to what Kant calls synthetical claims a priori.By placing objects in space and in time there are going to be properties pertaining to the relations of objects to other objects and properties of objects that will follow the logic of being so represented. When Kant says that knowledge can arise from experience he is referring to the synthetical claims a priori which are determined by the logic of space and time as formal conditions for experiential representations. This is how Kant is able to famously answer how every change has cause is necessary without realist fact. Kant admits that change is something that must be experienced, but change is an experience in space and in time.Since time is represented as a succession or the proceeding of an object through/from time t1 to time t2, and change is a relation of cause and effect, and since a cause cannot be its effect (see the paradox of space and time being the conditions of their own existence above), then once we are able to experience an event as change in relation to an object (in time and space), we can, and with no further experience, strictly use the concepts of cause, event, and change, to make the a priori claim that every change has a cause note, not just a change, or some changes, but every change has a cause.In other words, because of Kants transcendental idealism, we are logically justified in attaching certain knowledge of properties and relations in and between objects beyond what is provided by what we know a posteriori. It is through this understanding of Kants transcendental idealism that we are to understand and address John Lockes assertion that the mind, when it first is developed, is nothing more than a blank slate, or tabula rasa.Lockes task in Book I 3how men, barely by the use of their natural faculties, may attain to all the knowledge they have, without the help of innate impressions and may arrive at certainty, without any such original notions or principles. In Kantian language, impressions are those images that are implanted in the mind by sensuous perception/experience. The concept of innate, for Locke, then, must refer to impressions which are found in the mind before the Kantian impression. That is, as an impression for both Locke and Kant, if it is innate, then the impression exists prior to sensual experience and provides some kind of information.This is the opposite of tabula rasa. In the beginning of Book I, Locke does not refer to innate knowledge, which would be the product of ex trapolating statements from information information, in this case, simply refers to facts or what Locke refers to as simple ideas. On one level there is a similarity between Kant and Locke. Locke goes on to state that 4it would be impertinent to suppose the ideas of colours innate in a puppet to whom God had giveth sight, and the power to receive them from external objects. For Kant, the recognition/knowledge of a color would require, first, that the eye experience what color happens to be.Thus, claims regarding color fall within the region of a posteriori knowledge. In addition, the perception of color and the conception/idea of color are limited to the mode of experience one can have for color. wholeness cannot hear, taste, or feel the color kilobyte, which, a priori, would require the mind to be further equipped with the innate condition/information of predetermining how to file color when it is sensed. In other words, the brain must already know that the concept green, if i t is innate, is a concept pertaining strictly to sight.However, these are not the claims for which Locke is contesting for the proof that innate principles do not exist. More controversially, and, I believe, in opposition to Kants transcendental idealism, are the claims that whatsoever is, is and it is impossible for the same thing to be and not be cannot be shown to be necessarily true based on innate principles. It is in this claim that we find evidence for epistemological realism in Lockes philosophy for if it was to be true that whatsoever is, is for Locke, then the claim must correspond necessarily to the way the world isthrough experience. In other words, it must be a fact that whatsoever is, is as a result of experiencing the whatsoever. This being the case, Locke goes on to detail the 5the steps by which the mind attains several truths. Like Kant, Locke claims that it is through sensory perception that the mind is imprinted with particular ideas. Unlike Kant, however, Locke claims that it is by degrees does there become a habitual familiarity which accompanies these ideas to be stored in the memory.The medical prognosis is analogous to what we assume to be the learning pattern of a baby that through the incremental addition of experiences and seeing particular relations exposed in those experiences, the mind is furnished with the materials which become the objects of reflection. This being the case, it would seem that knowledge is perhaps not really knowledge at all, but an imitation of habitual experiences. But as Hume correctly pointed out, there is no certainty in consistency, and reasoning based on such a consistency. This justifies, tentatively, skepticism toward Lockes claim that certainty can be attained without innate principles.Another criterion for innate principles, according to Locke, is that one must be aware of them as something knowable in order to prove their existence. Locke mentions how clinically insane and infants are unable to ar ticulate what they know and how it is they know it. Locke gives the example of an infant not knowing 6that three and tetrad equal to seven, till he comes to be able to count to seven. This examination of Lockes claims puts forth the question of whether or not a person knows that three and four equal seven, or if a person is simply countenancing facts from his or her experience which is guided by epistemological realism.From a Kantian perspective, the matter is more about dealing with quantity (three, seven, four), the relationship between concepts (plus, equals), and the knowledge which can arise from predetermined, logical schemata in human cognition (four and four is greater than seven if three and four equal seven). It is not that Kant would assert that a language-less baby unexposed to elementary mathematics can know that three and four equal seven. Further, a baby would also not be able to articulate, even if its mind were furnished with the knowledge thatwhatsoever is, is s ince a baby simply lacks the language to be able to say so. Inverting Lockes challenge to see if the claim whatsoever is, is can be assented to by babies and the mentally handicapped presents a fundamental problem his argument the burden of proof is on Locke to provide valid counterfactuals to a baby and/mentally challenged persons. In other words, we should take Locke seriously when he moves beyond a simple imitation of what the world shows him and demonstrate when whatsoever is, is not and it is possible for something to be entirely red and entirely green at the same time.Then Locke must move to show how these claims are grounded in a realist epistemology. This criticism bolsters the Kantian project in that transcendental idealism not only presents the possibility for experience, but also limits experience at the same time. A feature Locke is lacking. Without innate ideas, or some kind of cognitive organize which makes sense of perception, Locke must, in order to remain consisten t, assume that there is a possibility that something can be simultaneously all red and all green and that we could perceive it when it does happen.Kant is essentially claiming that if there is an experienced contradiction such as, something is simultaneously all red and all green, then we can be beauteous sure that the source of this confusion lies in our cognitive faculties and not in the world. It is not quite so clear with the Lockean project, however. Lockean realism takes for granted that the mind is representing an accurate portrayal of the world even in the case of a contradiction. This kind of reliance does not provide any kind of certainty or attainment of truths as Locke claims.On the contrary, what we would know is simply a regurgitation of experience thus creating confusion on where the source of a contradiction lies in the case one is presented in experience. In conclusion, when we compare the progress of epistemology as a historically situated study, then we come to s ee John Locke as an authoritative philosopher who challenged the rationalist doctrine which denied experience and empirical facts as integral to what we count as knowledge.It is that very project, however, that led John Locke and epistemological realism down a path of incoherency when both promised certainty through observation without grounding any source for that certainty. For its faults, which are not mentioned here, Kantian transcendentalism has been shown to be a more tenable answer to the idealism/realism debate as it has been contrasted with John Lockes realism.

The story of Being with Henry and Leaving Home

The story of Being with Henry and Leaving inhabitation epitomizes strong sensation towards family relationships. Both stories embark a certain pressure in the family which reveals the citations attitude. Scrutinizing and comparing the two stories based on the aspect of dialogue, it is imperative to take into consideration the decisive aspects of dialogue which Ellinor, Linda enumerate as creating a replete(predicate) picture of reality, employing deeper levels of auditory sense and reflection, and creates a culture of cooperation and shared leadership which moves groups from dependency, competition and exclusion.Par anyel to this, aspects of diction as it transcends in the stories of Being with Henry and Leaving Home should also be given emphasis. In lieu of which the art of delivering the word as it clearly understood to its fullest complexity, the choice of word and stylus, and the literary diction which reveals how a passage establishes tone and characterization is of the es sence(p) in comparing the diction of these two stories.Dialogue as it create full picture of reality was illustrated in Martha brook Being with Henry, the presence of a family in Laker and his moms relationship was a good evidence. Taking good care of his unmarried single dumbfound hand in hand with having a brutal step-father is such a reality for Laker. There is no way for him to bear the fruits of being a son, all he needs to do is accept the fact that he has to be strong for his mom and work hard to stay in the relationship disregardless of those barriers.On the other hand, David Frenchs Leaving Home typify a family relationship wherein attitude of the members are clashing with each other like that of Bens relationship with their father and conflict with Billys relationship with his girlfriend on how will they be able to compromise with their relationship. Dialogue as it employs deeper levels of listening and reflection is the second aspect which should be highlighted in bot h stories.A good point to hoist was the circumstance as Lakers mom rarely plays the exercise of being a mother to him and when Laker had a physical fight with his step-father which forces him to leave his home since her mother didnt stand for him. At this point, he listens to what his heart is proverb and set aside the conscientiousness of being a son. Conversely, in Leaving Home, the relationship of Billy and Kathy has come to a reflection that they are just retention on with their relationship because of the thinking that Kathy is pregnant, but at the moment that Kathy had a miscarriage, they both come to a second thought of being together.Dialogue as it creates a culture of cooperation and shared leadership which moves groups from dependency was the third aspect to consider under the discussion of dialogue. As Laker in Being with Henry leaves her mother and stand up for himself, he finds Henry with whom he can turn to and at the same time contribute also to the hint of lonel iness that Henry is feeling at that moment.Equally, Ben in the story of Leaving Home decided to be with his brother Billy and sister-in-law to be away with their parents as Jacob and Ben has a long stand enmity rooted in their fundamental differences and he can no longer stand the feeling of living with his father. French, David support this response thru this, Jacob is incensed and a heated argument between father and son resulting in Ben being thrown out of the house.On another note, as we grasp the aspects of diction and don in both stories, certainly, Brooks Being with Henry portrays the feeling of a wholehearted son you can feel the sentiment as Laker endures the pain of departure his mother, and this is also exemplify the tone and characterization of the story. On the other hand, Frenchs Leaving Home connotes intense emotion as it presents a clamor in the family as they have different perspectives, and as you go through the story youd be really aware of the situation since the chose of words and style is very appropriate.Practically, the process of releasing and providing relief from the pressures of both families in the stories promotes strong emotions which really captivate its readers. Indeed, the representation of dialogue and diction was presented in Frenchs and Brooks story. The way the story elaborates a certain feeling proves what really a dialogue and diction is all about, thus both are essential on having a comprehensible work.

Pom Omo Unilever

HANOI UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISMPRINCIPLE OF MARKETING REPORTOMO UNILEVER VIETNAMTutor Ph? m Th? Phu? ngStudents Khuong Du KimTr? n Th? H? ng NgaD? Qu? nh TrangHoang Thanh LoanTutorial Tut 5 plump for Majorcapital of Vietnam, may 2012 PRINCIPLE OF MARKETING REPORT Subject Principles of Marketing Tutorial 5 Second Major Tutor Ph? m Th? Phu? ng Group members 1. Khuong Du Kim- ID 0907010110 2. Tr? n Th? H? ng Nga- ID 0907010161 3. Hoang Thanh Loan ID 0807010102 4. D? Qu? nh Trang- ID 0907010232 Date of submission whitethorn 4th, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary4 I.Introduction5 II. Situation analysis5 1. family analysis5 1. 1 Mission statement5 1. 2 Company accusatory6 2. Environmental analysis7 2. 1 Economic divisor7 2. 2 Demographic calculate7 2. 3 Cultural doer7 2. 4 Technological factor8 2. 5 political factor8 2. 6 Natural factor8 3. Competitive analysis8 4. Customer analysis12 4. 1 Geographic segmentation12 4. 2 Demographic segmentation12 4. 3 Be havioral segmentation12 4. 4 Psychographic segmentation12 5. Brand analysis13 5. 1 Brands modern cognitive process 13 5. 2 The current commercializeing strategy utilize framework 4 Ps13 6. SWOT analysis16 6. 1 Strengths16 . 2 Weaknesses18 6. 3 Opportunities19 6. 4 Threats19 III. Conclusion20 REFERENCES21 Executive summary In new-made courses, the surprising growth of economy along with the involvement of Vietnam into WTO has brought many opportunities for the purchase, sale and exc bente of nears and profits. Therefore, the c eacher-ups triumph mostly depends on how it carries bug extinct the business to utilize these advantages effectively. OMO is a extravagantlyly aw be washing disintegrateize convergence of Unilever Vietnam Joint Venture Company (formerly prize Vietnam) a joint venture specializing in Home and individual(prenominal) Cargon instigants.Since the commencement of Unilevers operation in Vietnam in 1995, Unilever Vietnam has successfully grown to plump a leading fast-moving consumer wide-cuts follow in the local market This report presents the industry and competition analysis of the OMO harvesting and specifys the strong and weak features of the Unilever Vietnam to find out the suitable way coping with the current situation by suggesting some recommendations. In the main analysis, first, this report indicates the overview about the company operations. Next, it describes the macro purlieu cut that affects the market and the companys competitors.Then, the customer segments and stake are analyzed, followed by the SWOT analysis. Finally, some recommendations are given for the company. OMO has become one of the detersive-leading markers in Vietnam market, merely the competition will never stop there. Therefore, this question is essential to maintain the position of the OMO market as tumefy as to benefactor Government chassis better policies that aim to create a better milieu where local business yett joint play a greater exercise in the growth of the society and economy of Vietnam. I. INTRODUCTIONVietnams involvement in WTO has brought in many good results in every aspect of life, especially in the economy. In recent years, Viet shout outse businesses view as became to a greater extent interested in and made better use of the big opportunities which WTO brought them. On top of that, there is a growing relate about the purchase, sale and exchange of goods and services. How to facilitate Vietnamese consumers in doing the shopping, supply them with better choices, better goods and better prices is everlastingly the deep preoccupation of Vietnamese companies.OMO is a highly aware washing powder product of Unilever Vietnam Joint Venture Company (formerly Lever Vietnam) a joint venture specializing in Home and Personal Care bell ringers. According to the recently issued report by the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), by 2007, UVN ranks the 27th largest business in Vietnam and the largest in the unshakable Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. Unilever Vietnam is a long-term investor, who has been deeply rooted in the economy, having strong forward and backward linkages and, by and large, serving domestic consumers. This drives us to conduct re face about this product.The economy of Vietnam is gradually growing that enables quite a little enjoy higher lively standard. Higher living conditions demand higher quality products. As the institution changes so the business must change to meet new consumer needs. It is inevitable that washing power is very a necessary consumer product in some households. OMO has been partially met customer expectations for their quality products. Now this product has formed its disfigurement equity on the market in both domestic and international market. This teaching attempts to doctor a deeper understanding about the OMO product in terms of the current arket, the marketing environment, the make-up, the customers, an d the competitors all of which influence the increment of the OMO marketing plan. Furthermore, it is conducted to find out the actual situation of customer and the situation of the company. Through this study, the advantages, disadvantages and the competition of the OMO product was clearly highlighted II. SITUATION ANALYSIS 1. COMPANY ANALYSIS 1. 1. Mission Statement Attracting and twist long lasting relationship with customers through effective chat is what the OMO product has been doing.It brings the wealth of knowledge and international expertise to the service of local consumers. Its mission is to summarise continuously vitality to the quality of life of consumers. OMO meets every day needs for hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. Its long term success requires a replete(p) commitment to exceptional standards of performance and productivity, to working together effectively, and to a willingness to assume ne w ideas and learn continuously.This is its road to sustainable, profitable growth, creating long-term value for our shareholders, our people, and our business partners. 1. 2. Company objectives a. Financial In line of battle to achieve the good result for the forthcoming ontogenesis and the mission of maximizing profit, pursuing a business growth strategy, year afterward year, OMO aggressively pursues the long term profitability and growth objective with the goal of doning positive pecuniary performance, specifically * Earn an annual rate of return of at least 30% over the next 12 months. get out net profits (before interest and tax) of 250 billion VND in 2013. b. Marketing objectives In the long run for the next 12 months, our company aims at becoming a market share leadership in the field of detergent powder. Specifically, the objective is to gain a market share of 68% of the domestic market. In order to reach this target, we have to * Achieve total sales revenue of 900 bill ion VND in 2011, which represents a 28% increase. Therefore, achieve a unit sale deal of 800 million products. Increase product awareness of OMO brand among target audience to 98% over the planning period. * Inform target audience about features and benefits of our product and its competitive advantage, leading to a 10 percent increase in sales in one year. * Enter the higher-income segment of the 30 to 35 year old market with internet services and ordering capability. * Enlarge our distri exclusivelyion network by 200% by the next 12 months. * Aim for an intermediate price of 28,000 VND per kilo in the long run. * Increase loyalty among current customer Increase customer satisfaction and relationships 2. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 2. 1. Economic factor As the national living standard im up sexs, the demand and need for common products are higher. However, when the inflation has been increasing in Vietnam in recent year, prices of many goods excessively increases uncontrollably and Vietnamese consumers have to pay more for daily-using products, including washing powder. Some recent statistics show that OMOs price has increased by about 10,000 VND per kilogram since 2002 (Group 9 NH03, 2009).This rouse makes most of consumer more reluctant when purchasing washing powders with higher price. They are managely to find cheaper substitutes to satisfy their demand. If OMO keeps such a high price aim, the number of consumer w scootethorn reduce signifi merchant shiptly no matter how much(prenominal) the company advertises for their products. This will be a big obstacle for OMO in the near future. 2. 2. Demographic factor The Vietnamese population is increasing quickly, as the total population now reaches 90 million and this figure is believed to rise by 1 million per year (Vietnam Demographics Profile 2012).Washing powder is a necessary good used across the rude, hence Unilever has many opportunities to increase their sale deal and develop OMO product. A nonher good news for OMO is that Vietnams population density is higher and higher in big cities, especially Hanoi and Ho chi Minh City (Vietnam Demographics Profile 2012). In addition, the fact that people are leaving the countryside for the city center to find better-paid jobs reduces the distance of lurch between buyers and sellers and saves transportation embody for the company. . 3. Social/ Cultural factor Culture is a vital part of every society and the important cause of peoples wants and behaviours. Recognizing the important type of burnish in promoting products, Unilever has focused on Vietnamese culture in many advertisements. For example, OMO flower fragrance is associated with the word-painting of Vietnamese diligent housewives, OMO TET with images of a talented family on Tet holiday with such impressive slogans as T? t lam di? u hay ng? i gi v? t b? n, T? t lam di? u phuc, sung tuc c? am OMO also participates in social welfare programs funding for lamentable students o r contributing to the social facilities with meaningful slogans akin V? n tim vang cho tri? u t? m long vang, OMO, ao tr? ng ng? i sang tuong lai, all of which are very consistent with Vietnamese culture and win many customers heart ( ki? n lu? c marketing c? a Omo, 2011, TNO, P. , 2005). In addition, Unilever has designed many product lines with diversified features to meet the needs of various customer groups, for instance, OMO 99 Stains, OMO Bleach, OMO encourage and OMO Matic Frontload. 2. 4.Technological factor In the proficient era, every company tries their best to apply the newest technology to produce new products. In recent years, Unileverhas invested much in R&D to have modern font turnout lines and new technology which help reduce costs and add more features to their products (Unilever, 2011). Because of the technology advance, advertisements of OMO appear constantlyin the media, hencebring OMO much closer to the consumers (Danh gia hi? u qu? qu? ng cao, n. d. ). The refore, technology enables OMO not only to enhance its quality but also to reach target consumers easier. . 5. Political factor The regime has a vital role in operating the business over the whole country. Vietnamis nowimplementing an open market policybyfacilitating overture to a wide variety ofproducts. However,obstacles liketariffs and quotason materials increase the price of many goods including OMO. Moreover, the regulations in Vietnamare not strict enough and people may commit illegal actions as in the case of a firm in Thanh Hoa province which produced fake OMO with a lot of stone (Huy, Q. , 2010).Such problem may leave negative impressions of OMO brand in the customers mind. Nonetheless, the stability of Vietnams politics is s process a significant factor that draws the interests of many international firms. 2. 6. Natural factor Today, most industries have to face a serious lack of resources and OMO is not an exception. Resources for OMO production have been increasingly e xhausted because the main ingredients are fat acids derived from rough oil. In recent years, the oil price keeps going up, leading to the rise in costs of production and causes the price of OMO to increase.Oil price increases also cause delivery cost to increase too. Moreover, nowadays, environment is a very hot issue many companies have failed because they ignore the environmental concerns. The case of Vedan is one typical example. Producing environment friendly products is a good way to attract customers who want to do something good for the surrounding environment. To save the environment, every company needs to follow the government laws, and take their responsibility to protect environment even when that will make their product more expensive.Unilever is successful with their waste treatment water process and receives good feedbacks from society (Unilever, n. d. ). 3. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS Nowadays, washing powder has become a common good and there are pretty much washing powde r brands of unlike manufacturers in the market competing with each another(prenominal) for customers attention. Specifically, OMO are veneering many competitors such as Tide, Hoa Mo, Surf, Viso, Vi Dan. However, Viso and Surf are both products of Unilever temporary hookup P&G owns Tide and Vi Dan belongs to Vico.These two brands, especially Tide, are the most threatening rivals to OMO in the market at the moment. According to the statistics, OMO currently accounts for 60% of the market share, while Tide makes up 30% and other brands only contribute 10% (Group 9 NH03, 2009). 3. 1. Direct and indirect competitors a. Indirect competitors Indirect competitors are businesses that are offering products and services that are close substitutes. These competitors are probably targeting ones markets with a same or similar value proposition, but delivering a different product.In Vietnam, there are many indirect competitors for OMO like Ariel, Amway, Lix, Lifeboy, Pamolive, Enchanteur, Lux, as they also provide washing products but concentrate more on washing water and soap. b. Direct competitors Direct competitors are businesses that are offering identical or similar products or services as a persons business. These are companies that customers can easily buy from instead of from that one, and they represent the most intense competition. In the situation of Vietnamese washing powder market, we can clearly see two strong competitors of OMO, which are Tide and Vi Dan. 3. 2.Analysis of two direct competitors The table below shows the comparison of third washing powder brand names. Products Characteristics OMO Tide Vi Dan Quality Good Good Normal Design Diversity Diversity Normal Skin impregnablety relation back Relative Relative Name Simple, easy to remember, consumers preferred Simple, easy to remember, consumers not appreciated Close to the Vietnamese people Catalog Diversity Relative Less expenditure Expensive Expensive Cheap Distribution Wide Wide Within territ ory Advertising Good, a lot, attractive Good, not much Less Promotions A lot, attractive A lot LessTechnology Modern Modern Modern Brand name Famous, prestigious Famous, prestigious Normal Scale sizeable Large Small Management ability Good Good Good a. Advantages of Tide over OMO Tide belongs to P&G Corporation which concentrates on detergent and cosmetics. In terms of global strategy, P&G is considered to be superior to Unilever with a more advanced position in many important market sectors. By occupying Gillete and focusing on its strategic goods, P&G will continue to expand (Unilever vs. P&G (Procter and Gamble), 2009).In terms of brand, while OMO has a series of products including OMO 99 Stains, OMO Bleach, OMO Matic Frontload and Topload, Tide also has a wide variety of products such as Tide Downy, Tide Spring Flower Scent, Tide Supermatic, Tide egg white and Clean It targets all customers with different income levels and characteristics with different styles and features. T ide has launched many impressive promotion programs under the theme Dirt cant hide from intensify Tide, If its got to be clean, its got to be Tide and Tides in, dirts out. These programs attract a lot of people and gradually gain position in customers mind. . Disadvantages of Tide relative to OMO Firstly, P&G penetrates the Vietnamese market after Unilever. Vietnamese people know about OMO before Tide, and puff of air before the existence of Downy. In addition, the pronunciation of OMO is quite easy for Vietnamese while many people feel ashamed of pronouncing Tide in Vietnamese as it can easily cause misunderstanding. Moreover, the producer of Tide has not paid enough attention to the product design so Tide body relatively simple and little changed (Unilever vs. P&G (Procter and Gamble), 2009). c.Advantages of Vi Dan relative to OMO Besides Tide, OMO also has to pay attention to the existence of Vi Dan a product of Vico Co. , Ltd. , a 100% Vietnamese washing powder brand. The b rand name Vi Dan sounds very Vietnamese and familiar with Vietnamese people life. The price of Vi Dan is also much lower than both Tide and OMO. Therefore, Vi Dan attracts more low income people and people in countryside (Phuong, K. , 2010). d. Disadvantages of Vi Dan relative to OMO Vi Dan is a small brand name so their products are distributed in a small areas and the scale is also small.Vi Dan is not popular in the market because VICO does not pay much attention to advertisement and promotion. This company also has little experience in producing and distributing. These drawbacks make customers know little about Vi Dan (Phuong, K. , 2010). * OMO crushed reliable raftmark Low perceived quality High reliable trademark * Vi Dan * Tide To sum up, in such a competitive environment, OMO should push up their promotion and improve the products quality to retain customers in current markets and aim at expand their market further to the rural areas.A berth map 4. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS Criter ia Target customers Behaviour Purchase occasion regular occasionBenefits sought clean and bright clothes, safety, labour-free, time-savingUser status regular userUsage rate surd userLoyalty status strong Readiness state almost all Vietnamese households have tried OMO at least once (Unilever, 2011). Brand familiarity preference or recognition (the most highly recognized brand in Vietnam in 2005, second rank in top 500 famous brand name in 2006) (Unilever, 2011). Psychographic Sociostinting status women are getting more important positions in society, holding responsible for choosing which domestic products to purchaseValues, attitudes and lifestyles customers prefer products that can offer quick, safe and effective stain removal, modern style, natural sweet scent and familys satisfaction Demographic Age users of all age groups, especially those who are cardinal and above, mature, assiduous and marriedGender mainly focus on female who are responsible for washings in a familyFamily size extended families with two or three generations living in the same houseIncome stable, medium to high income Geography Density focus on cities and towns with high population density such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Hai Phong, Da Nang,.. Decision type of the product Routine response behaviour OMO is a low cost, low risk and frequently purchased product. Therefore, the customers need little search and decision effort and mostly rely on past experience when buying this product. We need to satisfy current customers by maintaining sufficient quality service and value. We must also try to attract new buyers by introducing new features and using points of purchase displays and price deals. 5.BRAND ANALYSIS 5. 1. Brands current performance Since the first day of appearing in Vietnam in 1995, through delivering the simplest and most efficient laundry, OMO are contributing to a cleaner and happier Vietnamese life. The consumers love for OMO brand is the highest recognition for what the compa ny has been doing (Unilever, 2011). Theoretically, most of products follow 5-stage product life cycle and each stage is marked with certain sales growth and profit level (Kotler, P. , Adam, S. , Brown, L. , & Armstrong, G. , 2006). The five stages are product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline, which represent an S-shaped life cycle.Since OMO came to Vietnam, it seemed that this product has undergone 4 stages product development, introduction, growth and maturity. Today, OMO is at the maturity stage because of some reasons it is facing growth rate slowed down, supply of goods tends to rise higher than actual demand, having high pressure from large customers because of various choices of other brands. OMO is implementing some special strategies to deal with this period. For instance, OMO is always changing to improve product quality to attract the attention of customers and maintain market share as adding washing powder for more active colour ingredients, bleach ing 99 types of stains, flower flavors added to make clothes more sweet smelling, OMO also changes the products styles from package into plastic bags with many size for more convenient usage, or changes the food color and image Beside, OMO has applied cutting price strategies by increasing the amount of products without rising prices, promotional bonus, using the form of lucky draw, lucky scratch card, won gold, houses, cars, tours, together with discounts in special occasions to attract more consumers attention (Chi? n lu? c marketing c? a Omo, 2011). 5. 2. OMO using the 4Ps framework To gain such a position in current marketplace, Unilever had an excellent marketing strategy for all of their products in general and for OMO in particular. It can be said that the company has applied the 4Ps framework effectively to promote the OMO brand. a. Product Characteristics OMO is a product with high quality in comparison with other kinds of washing powders it can dislodge completely any dir ty spots on the clothes. * Brand name OMO is the short name which is easy to remember and pronounce. * encase Packaging is considered as a silent salesperson, and the most outstanding feature about packaging of OMO products is that it is very vivid, colorful, fresh, friendly, striking and very eye-catching. OMOs traditional colors are red, white, and blue. Packaging is always improved to create the highest aesthetics to consumers and ensure the product quality. * Size To meet consumers demand, there are many kinds of OMO products with many sizes 400g, 800g, 1. 5kg, 3kg, 4. kg, and 5kg. * Types of product During development period, OMO always gives new products to meet the new demand as soon as possible. For example * In 2003, OMO is the first brand to provide detergent for washing machine. Up until now, OMO Matic has been recommended by 80% of washing machine manufacturers in Vietnam (Unilever, 2011). * In 2004, OMO launched break-through formulation which cleans dirt even in hard- to-reach places, showing that it is the expert when it comes to removing the tougheststains. * In 2007, OMO Comfort with long lasting fragrant was introduced. * On May 8th 2010, Unilever launched the OMO Concentrate Laundry. b. pricePrice is another important part of the marketing mix including wholesale prices, retail prices, discounts, rebates and credits. Price must be commensurate with the value stock by customers and competition. Recognizing that 80% of consumers in Vietnam live in rural areas with low incomes Unilever Vietnam has set targets to reduce production costs in order to bring the reasonable price for consumers. The company has relied on small local businesses to find local raw materials to replace the merchandise ones, reducing costs by paying less import taxes. In addition, the company has allocated the branches across the North, Central and South areas to reduce transportation and warehouse costs.Moreover, Unilever provides financial supports to help local busine sses upgrade production facilities, offers technology transfer, and holds training programs to increase the quality and productivity. Besides, OMO uses the penetration price strategy. In the first 5 years since the introduction, the company maintained OMO price and quality in the face of rises in raw materials and fuel price. These measures helped OMO gradually gain market share and increase the price later. Calculations show that from 2002 up to date, OMO washing powder prices have increased by about 10,000 VND/ kg (Group 9 NH03, 2009). ND? c ng? a c. Placement Unilever headstrong to create a marketing and dissemination system across the country, covering more than 100,000 locations. Unilever Vietnam is divided into seven regional sales.Unilever has classified the cities into one group, the group communication channel 2 (GT2), including Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, the GT4 group consists of GT2 and Da Nang, Can Tho and GT8 includes GT4 and Hai Phong, Vinh, Nha Trang, Bien Hoa (Chi ? n lu? c marketing c? a Omo, 2011). OMO is the daily and individual consumption, so the channels also differ compared to other commodities. Firstly, as a direct channel, the producers sell directly to final consumers. Consumers now have a certain belief in the OMO products so the company only has to use some forces as home sales, or sales through air, mail order The forms allow the consumer to buy products through the media without advertising directly and interacting with the seller.Secondly, the product is sold via indirect channels using intermediaries between producers and consumers. There are three levels in this channel. * Manufacturers = Retailers = Consumers. For example, OMO products sold in retail stores such as galactic C , supermarket chain Co-op mart, Maximax systems * Manufacturer = Wholesalers = Retailers = Consumers. For instance, OMO products sold in the commercial distribution centers such as Metro Binh Phu in Ho Chi Minh City. * Manufacturer = Agent = Wholesa lers = Retailers = Consumers. For example, agents in Binh Duong have very modern equipments and scientific operating layouts.Goods after production at the plant will be set up in this center, and then shipped to dealers in Central (from back to Nha Trang) and the South, and this is the transit point for goods from Hanoi and Da Nang. d. Promotion Promotion is a series of mixtures of activity Advertising, promotions, public relations, direct sales and direct marketing. The selection of promotional tools to spread the brand image and message is extremely important. Unilever Vietnam have chosen to promote OMO through commercials on television and newspapers, organized programs such as promotional support, participates in events or exhibitions, open up study promotion funds for poor children The company also sponsored TV programs like Vu? t qua th? thach and Chi? c non ki di? u.OMOs advertisements usually take the theme of family, contributing to the emotional appeal. As a result, OMO i s getting more supports from the Vietnamese consumers. Besides, OMO is known as a leading brand participating in many social activities. Among these, poverty reduction is the most outstanding activity OMO has developed the project OMO mai d? ?m tinh xuan, building most 300 houses in 37 districts of five poorest provinces in Vietnam and supported economic development programs at Cu Chi. Through these activities, Unilever drew a lot of attentions and received many positive responses for the company as well as the brand. 6. SWOT ANALYSISThe SWOT Analysis of the company is summarized in the following table Internal extraneous Unfavorable social Strengths * Brand equity * Talent policy * Distributor channels * RD * Market share Opportunities * Vietnams demographics * Favorable environment for foreign investment * Geographical favors Weaknesses * Foreign brand in an Asian country Threats * Shrinking market share * Decreasing customers demand due to economic downturn The strengths, wea knesses, opportunities and threats of the company are discussed in details in the following section. 6. 1. Strengths * Brand equity Unilever was first founded in 1890s.In 2011, this Anglo-Dutch multinational group ranked the third-largest consumer goods company measured by revenues after PG and Nestle. The companys 400 brand portfolio ranges from nutritionally balanced foods to indulgent ice creams, affordable soaps, voluptuous shampoos and everyday household care products. They are sold in more than 190 countries with 2 billion consumers on any given day. Unilever so far has expanded its business to more than 100 countries, including Vietnam. After more than 15 years of operation in Vietnam, Unilever has become a very familiar brand with the Asian countrys people. Nearly 5 million Unilever products such as OMO, PS, Clear, Ponds, Knorr, etc are bought by Vietnamese consumers per day, (JV Raman, as cited in Phuong, T. , 2011).Obviously, trade mark is an advantage for Unilever to sho rten the gap between the company products and the consumers. OMO, as a result, enjoys the favorable brand name to be an international standard detergent. * potent talent policy Brand and brains are two assets of our company said Mr JV Raman, chairman of Unilever Vietnam. Unilever Vietnam is fully aware of the human resources role in business performance. The company has a variety of activities to pool in high-quality employees. Logging on Unilever website, the message of the Chairman is like a welcoming greeting, which offers the opportunities for all the people with the willing to co-ordinate, to challenge themselves and to help develop the company.The company program known as Unilever Future Leaders Program was first launched in 1998 and till now, it has provided many newly-graduated students with employment opportunities. This policy no doubt has been an efficient investment of Unilever Vietnam in human resource. * Distributor channels By the year 2009, Unilever had a total of 2 83 distributors and nearly 150,000 retail stores across the country. In the year 2011, the number of retail stores rocketed to 180,000 channeling Unilever products to an average number of 35 million Vietnamese customers per week. Larger distribution systems prove stronger position of Unilever brand name in the market.This system not only focuses on metropolitans like Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh city but also allocates evenly throughout the country. OMO then, like other Unilever products, has the access to a wide range of customers. * RD Recognized innovation as the rudimentary to progress, research and development are always paid sufficient attention. Generally, nearly 1 billion was reported to have been invested in research and development every year, contributing to laboratories establishment, which paved the way for new thinking and techniques. Till now, a variety of OMO products are available OMO bleach, OMO comfort, OMO packshot handwash, OMO packshot matic front load, OMO topload.T his variety offers multiple choices for customers with different preferences. Moreover, to be in line with the companys Sustainable Living Plan, the technology is suggested to be based on sustainable inputs and used in a sustainable manner. Unilever products are used 2 billion times per day (Wright, R. , n. d. ) and each technology advance in each product can help to protect the environment. Take OMO liquid for example, if dosed correctly, the concentrated OMO liquid provides the same number of washes as dilute liquids and at the same time, reduces water and waste, halving the number of trucks mandatory to transport them and then reducing greenhouse gas emissions per wash, (Wright, R. , n. d. ).This new type of OMO detergent not only saves the time and the cost for the consumers but also raise the awareness of environment protection and social responsibility. * Market share Despite the fact that Unilever holds 48% of Vietnam market share, in term of Fabric cleaning, Unilever is the leading brand with a dominant provider with 77% of Vietnam market share (Manwani, H. , 2005). This figure clearly confirms OMO position in the detergent market of Vietnam. However, the statistics from 2005 has not fully reflected the current situation of fiercer competitions since new products have been entering the market. Unilever generally and OMO particularly is suggested to continue advance its technology and product quality to retain the market share. 6. 2. Weaknesses * Foreign brand in a typical Asian cultureDespite many years of experience operating in Vietnam, the Anglo-Dutch multinational group sometimes seems to have encountered cultural divergence between it and the Asian country. Take OMO Bleach promotion program for example. In the year 2006, Unilever organized an event called Possible mission, involving the giant short weapon shirt washed with OMO bleach (Huong, L. , 2006). This Guinness recognized largest shirt was made from 6,200 meters of cloth. And for OMO Bleac h to wash the shirt, a team of more than 100 engineers and mechanics had been working for 17 straight days to make a giant steel washing tank. After pouring 1800 liters of colors into the shirt, Unilever cleaned it out just in 10. 35 legal proceeding with OMO Bleach.This set Unilever records but posed a negative group image towards Vietnamese people, who would prefer practical contributions to heavily brand promotion like that. The organization then had responded timely, using the shirt cloth to make 3000 small shirts for disadvantaged Vietnamese children. Being a foreign brand in an Asian culture like Vietnam, Unilever then needs to improve its marketing approach for them to be more suitable and relevant with the country circumstance and peoples norms. 6. 3. Opportunities * Vietnams demographics By July 2011, total Vietnam population was more than 90 million people. This is obviously a dynamic market with a lot of potentials to realize. Children account for 25. 2%, teenage and a dults account for 69. % of the total 90 million people. This golden demographic model happens only one time of a countrys history. Conglomerate like Unilever then can tap on consuming market and at the same time take the full advantage of the available labor force. This may be the reason why for OMO to choose children as their advertisings main characters. With the slogan Dirt is good, OMO encourages all the parents to let their children freely explore the life and naturally uncover their own potentials (Unilever, 2011). In this way, OMO is not simply a fabric cleaning product but a close friend of every household. * Favorable environment for foreign investmentIn the global context of political disturbance and conflict, it is Vietnams political stability and national integrity that draw the attention of foreign investors. Moreover, since the inside Moi, Vietnam authorities have implemented a variety of transformation, from administrative procedure to policies. The administrative pr ocedure is much more simplified. Tax incentives are also employed to encourage foreign investors to invest in the Asian country. Last but not least, the bilateral dialogue between government and enterprises is encouraged. Foreign investors in Vietnam like Unilever have the right to directly reveal their opinions and recommendations. Vietnamese authorities at the same time can give positive or negative feedbacks on the businesses activities.Specifically, Unilever received the Prime Ministers award for environmental protection in 2011. This two-way interaction ensures that all the companys aspirations as well as efforts are fully recognized by the government. * Geographical favors Being a country in the favorable position, Vietnam has long coastlines with many harbors along. In addition, the country share border lines with a number of countries like China, Laos and Cambodia. As a result, it is very convenient for Unilever to export products, import raw materials or allocate products f lexibly within the region. 6. 4. Threats * Shrinking market share More and more foreign investors are entering this Asian country.Not to mention Unilevers biggest competitor in Vietnam PG, many distributor groups now came up with their own products. Take Big C Supermarket for example. This French supermarket group has had their own products like Big C detergent, Big C softener, etc at more reasonable prices. To solve the problem of different level of income, Unilever has had three types of detergent including OMO, Surf, Viso. However, in order to retain the market share, Unilever is suggested to make each detergent product to be more customers-oriented. Otherwise, OMO market share can be lost to another Unilever detergent like Surf or Viso. * Decreasing consumer demand due to economic downturnAs a result of overheating economic growth, Vietnam economy is now in the situation of hiking inflation. The Consumer price index hit its peak at 18. 6% in November 2011. Although this index h as been gone down to 16. 5% in March 2012, it is undeniable that the high inflation had decreased the peoples trust and their consuming demand. Depreciated currency lowers the peoples purchasing power. As a result, instead of buying a high-quality and high-price detergent like OMO, they can make up with an average-quality and more reasonable price one. It is Unilevers duty to figure out ways to minimize the cost, improving the productions skill and then gradually offer the products at a more affordable price.Besides, promotion and sales are appropriate solution to stimulus the demand. Only by doing these can Unilever take a firm hold on its current market share in Vietnam. III. Conclusion In conclusion, OMO has got a large market share in Vietnam. From the product life cycle perspective, the Unilevers detergent has entered the process of maturing, which signals the requirements to have more innovations with the view to upgrading quality and decreasing cost. In the context of more d omestic and foreign competitors emerging in Vietnam, not to mention the inflation rate which has not completely decreased, the long-term relationship with customers is much more emphasized in OMOs strategies.Being a daily households product, the long-term relationship with customers definitely will enhances and prolongs OMO sales and profits. Last but not least, more promotions and continuingly updated commercial ads to catch up with customers expectations and market trend will be a deciding factor for OMO future development. Directing development to be more in line with governments policies and stake holders benefits, OMOs stance on Vietnam market is for many years to come. REFERENCES Anh Minh, 2011, Unilever va 1% GDP Vi? t Nam, viewed May 1 2012 http//vneconomy. vn/ 20111021023652541P0C5/unilever-va-1-gdp-viet-nam. htm. Chi? n lu? c marketing c? a Omo, 2011, viewed May 1 2012 http//gomm. com. vn/20932-chien-luoc-marketing-cua-omo/. 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