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Code of Ethics for Computer Professionals - 1134 Words

Most professions have codes of ethics and for the same reasons computer professionals need a code of ethics. Professions that have been in existence for many more years than the information profession have had time to recognise their ethical responsibilities. In the information field it can be more difficult to immediately recognise who is affected by the actions of an individual or organisation. This does not mean that information professionals have no moral responsibilities. It is common across all professions that there must be a responsibility â€Å"to society, to the employer, to clients, to colleagues, to the professional organization, and to the profession†(Oz, 1993). The information profession holds these same responsibilities, yet there has not been a single standard code of ethics adopted. Ethical questions about the use of computers were raised not long after their use in business began. Questions were asked about privacy, ownership and piracy that would later lead to the implementation of professional codes of ethics. These codes of ethics sought to offer solutions to question such as â€Å"Is it fair to monitor employees through their own computers? Should computer operators consider all data they enter into a file confidential? Is it right to tap another person’s data communication line?†(Oz, 1993). The continued growth in technology reveals changing ethical responsibilities and raises new ethical questions. The goal of a professional code of ethics is to help members toShow MoreRelated Computer Ethics Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Ethics A Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics (see Appendix A) was first presented by Dr. Ramon C. Barquins in his paper for the Computer Ethics Institute of the Brookings Institution entitled, In Pursuit of a Ten Commandments for Computer Ethics in May of 1992. Computer ethics is about principles related to behavior and decisions made by computer professionals and users, including software engineers, operators, managers, policy makers, as well as educators and students. This meansRead MoreCodes Of Ethics From Different Fields966 Words   |  4 PagesI chose three codes of ethics from different fields. The fields are; 1. Society of professional journalists http://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp 2. Australian Computer society http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs3604/lib/WorldCodes/Australia.Code.html 3. Code of ethics for librarians and other Information workers http://www.ifla.org/news/ifla-code-of-ethics-for-librarians-and-other-information-workers-full-version I chose the three codes of ethics depending on their nature. The nature of the careersRead MorePrivacy and Computer Technology1813 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy and Computer Technology Today, the development of technology is spread all over the world and so are ethical issues. Because of the widespread, computer ethics are boiling down distinguishing what is good from what is wrong mentality. Everyones view on computer ethics differ, however all should keep in mind the value of ethics when making decisions that are ethics based. The golden rules of computer ethics state that, one should do to one another what he/she thinks should be done toRead MoreCode Of Ethics Of Ieee. Computer Society1597 Words   |  7 Pages1Introduction Today, established ethical frameworks play a vital role in companies and organisations, espe- cially in big ones. Ethical framework, also known as code of conduct and code of ethics, is a set of guidelines, recommendations and rules, which specify expected behaviour and possible options how to make ethical decision, under different circumstances. It is crucial for every institution to set up ethical framework in order to prevent specific problems and to have es- tablished policy toRead MoreCareer Of Software Engineering And Computer Ethics1341 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Issues - Ethics Abuah Chukwuedo Kingsleyâˆâ€" October 29, 2014 âˆâ€" A report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for COMP10120, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester. 1 Contents 1 Summary 3 2 Introduction 3 2.1 What is Ethics? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Prac- tice 3 4 Analysis 3 5 Comparison 5 6 Bibliography 5 2 1 Summary †The Case of the Killer Robot is a detailed scenario thatRead MoreInformation Ethics Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Ethics The paper addresses theoretical and practical aspects of information ethics from an intercultural perspective. The recent concept of information ethics is related particularly to problems which arose in the last century with the development of computer technology and the internet. A broader concept of information ethics as dealing with the digital reconstruction of all possible phenomena leads to questions relating to digital ontology. Following HeideggersRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthreat that these things might be breached by individuals so called ‘Black hat hackers’, who violate computer security to steal personal information or even completely damage the computer system (Moore, 2014). Malicious acts committed by this group of hackers caused the increase in the number of cyber-security researchers so called ‘White hat hackers’. These individuals also try to break into the computer systems but with the purpose to find its possible vulnerabilities and then provide a software toRead MoreThe Ethical And Ethical V iews Behind Computer Scientists1622 Words   |  7 PagesThere has been a legitimate distinction between the moral and ethical views behind computer scientists being responsible for the action that they take upon the problems that they can face from the systems that they design. They must be faced with the codes of ethics and the morality issues in order to acknowledge the user about the responsibility that they must encounter in order for the use of technology. In the case of the technological society, the IT technology must include security measuresRead MoreA Professional Code Of Ethics1283 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalization. As members of the student body, University of the People students must understand the detriments of plagiarism, piracy and ensure they protect Intellectual Property and respect copyright laws. Developing a professional code of ethics as a computer professional, will help navigate our careers and help us make proper ethical decisions and choices. Intellectual Property The University of the People’s Intellectual Property policy requires we respect individual property rights and abideRead MoreCase Study About Moral of Hacking681 Words   |  3 PagesMcKinnon – Did he break the British Computer Society Code of Conduct? Gary McKinnon was a Scottish Systems Administrator who in 2002 was accused of carrying out the â€Å"biggest military computer hack of all time†. McKinnon claimed that he was merely looking for evidence of a cover-up of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO) activities. The US authorities claimed that McKinnon deleted files from US military operating systems which led to a shut-down of military computers. Some sources claim that what McKinnon

Environment Report Tidal Power In The Bay of Fund Essay Example For Students

Environment Report: Tidal Power In The Bay of Fund Essay yEnvironment Report: Tidal Power In The Bay of FundyPrepared for Bill AndrsonProfessor at St.Lawrence College for Environmental Science. ByNovember 22,1996INTRODUCTIONThe Bay of Fundy, which is found off the shores of Nova Scotia, has thehighest tides in the world . Extraordinary tides occur when the tidal wave length is two to fourtimes the length of the Bay. By virtue of blind luck or physics, the tide isamplified into a standing wave, like water sloshing in a bathtub. For a breakingwave to form, the surging tide must meet an obstacle. When the ocean meets theriver going in the opposite direction, the sea hesitates, piles up behind thefront line, and advances anew in a tidal bore. Usually the ingredients occur during a new moon with 15 feet tides andthe opposing force of the Shubenacadie river to display the true Baysmagnificence. This part of St. John is divided into 3 main areas: the main Harbor,Courtenay Bay and the Outer Harbor. These areas are influenced by the Bay ofFundy tides and the currents of the St John River which flow out of the mainHabour into the Bay. This section also experiences two high and two low tides each day (semi diurnal), with a tidal range varying from 15 to 18 feet, depending on the typeof tides. High water heights vary from 22 to 28 feet and low water heightsvary from 0 to 7 feet above chart data. Because of these semi diurnal tidesand the action of the St John River, slack water in the Habour occurs atapproximately tides and not at high or low water as would be the case at otherparts. THE RHYTHMIC RISE AND FALLIn the Bay of Fundy, the tides are spectacularly large. While the riseand fall of sea level due to tides is the most apparent aspect, it is also thetidal currents that direct magnification of tides, and the sea level rises ordeclines are due to resulting convergences and divergencies. These tides riseand fall over a range that is greater than 50 feet; such massive water movementcombined with accumulation of sediment through erosion has built up a large saltmarsh that is a feeding station for migrating shore birds. The low fundy alsofeeding a ground for marine life including whales. A long time ago between about15000 and 10000 year ago at the glacier retreated from the last ice age, part ofGeorges Bank were dry land. Such as fragment of trees and mammoth teeth fromthis are still found occasional in fishing travels.The sun and the moon arethe only important celestial bodies in producing Terrestrial tides. While themoon is much smaller than the sun, it is never theless more important for tidalprocesses, because of its proximity to the earth. There is a small imbalancebetween the centrifugal force and the gravitational attraction of the moononthe water column that gives rise to horizontal forces, causing water motion thatcauses two bulges in the sea surface. One immediately under the earth, and theother on the other side of the earth. These bulges tend to rotate around theglobe along with the moon resetting in semi-diurnal tides with a period of halfa lunar day (12.4 diurnal hours) even though the earths rotation is a diurnalperiod of 24 hours. PROLOGUEThe Bay of Fundy is an area of about 1.6(100000 Km2). The Bay of Fundy is apart of the Continental Shelf off eastern Canada and New England. It also servesas an extension that divides New Brunswick from Western Nova Scotia. At the Bayof Fundys tidal river at the Southwestern tip of Nova Scotia, sea wateroverflows the other riverbank in spring to deposit loads of North Atlantic Salttwice daily. In the tidal river, fresh water and salt water are mixed. Fundy ofBay is famous for its tides which is the best and highest in the whole world. .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 , .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .postImageUrl , .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 , .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8:hover , .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8:visited , .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8:active { border:0!important; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8:active , .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8 .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60906d3a0480c081649934d6af8a0bc8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Requirements for Mental Health Technician (MHT) EssayThe marsh is a home to mammals, a breeding place for birds and a feeding groundfor estuary fish. It is a land that leaves even the most experienced naturalistsawestruck by the aerial ballet performed annually by thousands of birds flyingwing to wing during annual migration. The first experiment dealing with the consequences of environmental pollutionwas conducted at Yarmouth. There was a polluted brook on a farm sullied byfoul-smelling effluent. Part of problem came from the regional airport wherenoxious run of f had spilled into the head water of the brook. This pollutionstayed in the brook for over 25 years. The area was putrid smelling from fishmeal and made people sick. TIDAL POWERThe Fundy tides are a renewable source of energy with potentially hundreds ofbillions of kilowatts generated each year. It has the potential to provideviable energy, as there is a growing need for pollution-free sources.The Bayof Fundy tidal power has, over half a century, been sparked interest andsuccessful investigation into the potential of its development. Technologicaladvancement and the new economybrought renewed interest into developing energyfrom the Fundy tides. SUN AND MOONWhile the rhythmic modulation of sea level and its association with the motionof the sun and the moon must have been noticed since prehistoric time, a betterunderstanding had to wait until Sir Isacc Newton applied his theory ofgravitation to explain the underlying physical mechanism. He was able toconstruction an equilibrium theory of tides, that explained the semi-diurnalnature of tides in most parts of the world. If there were infinite time allowedfor adjustment of the ocean to the astronomical forces it is the equilibriumtides that would be the result. This is, however, not the case since the tidalforcing varies quite rapidly with time. Resonance in the oceanic response pushtides in certain localities to be above the value predicted by the equilibriumtheory. While the equilibrium theory products two bulges to form, one underneaththe moon and the other on the opposite side of the globe, in reality the highwater may significantly precede or lag the transit of the moon. T hesedifferences are due to the dynamic response of the oceans to tidal forcing. Itwas Laplace who a century later laid the theoretical and mathematical foundationfor modern dynamic theory of ocean tides by considering oceanic tides to be theresponse of a fluid medium to the astronomical forcing by the sun and moonsgravitational attractions. THE OIL OF FUNDY BAYThe transportation of oil from the Bay of Fundy and the generation of nuclearpower are two aspects of the same issue in that the supply of energy thatpresent inherent risks to the environment, but opposing arguments against theuse of foreign oil and nuclear power might be base on purely economic grounds. The risk of oil spills with catastrophic and long lasting effects on Marineorganisms and the coastal environment is always a possibility. TIDAL POWER OF ELECTRICAL ENERGYThe monumental Mains Basin scheme produces more than twice as much electricityin Nova Scotia at 4560 megawatts from all sources-coal, oil and hydro as thelargest water-driven electrical power plant in the world. Nova Scotia producesmore power than Newfoundlands Churchill Falls (about 2660 megawatts) andOntario Hydros Picketing nuclear-power plant ( 2160 megawatts). Tidal powerwould not replace conventional electrical energy derived from nuclear or fossilfuels for peak demand. Tidal power has fluctuating peaks so. At 12 noon is whenyou need the power might not be quailabler. Utilities would still meet peakdemand whether or not tidal power was on the line. The renewable energy sourceusing lunar gravitation and hydroelectricity has become increasingly important. .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d , .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .postImageUrl , .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d , .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d:hover , .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d:visited , .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d:active { border:0!important; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d:active , .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea5f55aaf48f7d861afe9825d3f08b1d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pompeii catastrophe EssayCompared with a river dam, tidal power has a difficult saltwater environment,where machines are needed to produce of power and also have saltwater durability. The electric power output is the twice-daily ebb average of tidal electricityless than 40% of the generating capacity of a river dam. TIDAL POWER AND THE MILLIn the 15 century, a construction handbook was published ,showing how tidalwater was held behind a dam at high tide so that when a sufficient water levelwas reached between the land and sea sides of the dam . a mill could use tidalwater to mix with the fresh water to turn the waterwheel that provided power forgrinding grain. The first mill in the would was built in 1607 by Samuel deChamplain on the Lequille River. By 1910 Turnbull and an American engineer,designed a double basin scheme that would cross the international boundarybetween New Brunswick and Maine. CONCLUSIONGiven the grave environmental challenges such as global warning or environmentalpollution facing many kind in the coming century and because oceans play such avery important role in governing the degree of global warming, fisheries yield,and degrees of pollution along our beaches, the study of the tides through avariety of means such as ship surveys, and remote sensing will lead to a betterunderstanding of how the oceans work. The hope is that as a result, we willleave behind for our children a world that is both livable as well as enjoyablein all its majesty . If we an avoid oil spills into the ocean the water andenvironment will be more beautiful and ecologically safe for all living things. Social Issues

The Cold War Essays - Soviet UnionUnited States Relations

The Cold War Introduction When World War II in Europe finally came to an end on May 7, 1945, a new war was just beginning. The Cold War: denoting the open yet restricted rivalry that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, a war fought on political, economic, and propaganda fronts, with limited recourse to weapons, largely because of fear of a nuclear holocaust.1 This term, The Cold War, was first used by presidential advisor Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947. Intelligence operations dominating this war have been conducted by the Soviet State Security Service (KGB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), representing the two power blocs, East and West respectively, that arose from the aftermath of World War II. Both have conducted a variety of operations from large scale military intervention and subversion to covert spying and surveillance missions. They have known success and failure. The Bay of Pigs debacle was soon followed by Kennedy's ft handling of the Cuban missile crisis. The decisions he made were helped immeasurably by intelligence gathered from reconnaissance photos of the high altitude plane U-2. In understanding these agencies today I will show you how these agencies came about, discuss past and present operations, and talk about some of their tools of the trade. Origin of the CIA and KGB The CIA was a direct result of American intelligence operations during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt recognized the need to coordinate intelligence to protect the interests of the United States. In 1941, he appointed William J. Donovan to the head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) with headquarters in London. Four departments made up the OSS: Support, Secretariat, Planning, and Overseas Missions. Each of these departments directed an array of sections known as 'operation groups'. This organization had fallen into the disfavor of many involved in the federal administration at this time. This included the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover, who did not like competition from a rival intelligence organization. With the death of Roosevelt in April of 1945, the OSS was disbanded under Truman and departments were either relocated or completely dissolved. Soviet intelligence began with the formation of the Cheka, secret police, under Feliks Dzerzhinsky at the time of the revolution. By 1946, this agency had evolved into the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), and the Ministry of State Security (MGB) both ruled by Lavrenti Beria. This man was undoubtedly the most powerful man in the Soviet Union with a vast empire of prison camps, and informants to crush any traces of dissent. Of considerable importance to Beria was the race for the atomic bomb. The Soviet Union and the United States both plundered the German V-2 rocket sites for materials and personnel. In 1946 the MVD was responsible for the rounding up of 6000 scientists from the Soviet zone of Germany and taking them and their dependents to the Soviet Union.2 The political conflicts of the 1930's and World War II left many educated people with the impression that only communism could combat economic depression and fascism. It was easy for Soviet agents to recruit men who would later rise to positions of power with access to sensitive information. 'Atom spies' were well positioned to keep the Soviets informed of every American development on the bomb. Of considerable importance was a man by the name of Klaus Fuchs, a German communist who fled Hitler's purge and whose ability as a nuclear physicist earned him a place on the Manhattan Project. Fuchs passed information to the Soviets beginning in 1941, and was not arrested until 1950. Also passing secrets to the Soviets were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed in the United States in 1953. The latter two were probably among the first who believed in nuclear deterrence, whereby neither country would use nuclear weapons because the other would use his in response, therefore there would be no ssible winner. It is generally believed that with such scientists as Andrei Sakharov, the Soviets were capable of working it out for themselves without the help of intelligence. (better transition) The National Security Act of 1947 gave birth to the CIA, and in 1949 the CIA Act was formally passed. "The act exempted the CIA from all Federal laws that required the disclosure of 'functions, names, official titles, and salaries or number of personnel employed by the agency'. The director was awarded staggering powers, including the right to 'spend money without regard to the provisions of law and regulations relating to the